介词和连词

She was an angel of a wife.她是一位天使一般的妻子。
- Where's that idiot of a boy?
- Where's the boy that you think is stupid?

read of：读到
speak of/talk of
hear of/learn of/know of
think of
dream of
Of Truth：论真理
Of Human Bondage：人性的枷锁

nor

nor和其他否定词一样，前置需要部分倒装。但同时它也是并列连词，因此重复部分可省略。

while引导让步状从

While the quality of the legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue(过分的) reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.

as引导定从

as引导定从修饰否定句时：若位于句首则修饰整个主句，位于句尾则修饰肯定含义的主句。

如[NCE4.2]Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor(conj.也不) even nearly related to them.蜘蛛不像很多人想的那样是一种昆虫，甚至与它们几乎没有关系。

又如As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.正如前面所说的那样，语法不是一堆死规则。

如[NCE4.3]such inns as there were...那里的小酒馆。以下三个例子含义相同：

for

For all its clarity of style, the book is not easy reading.这本书虽然文体清晰，但读起来并不容易。
You can do what you like, for all I care.你想干什么就可以干什么，我才不管呢。

when引导让步状从

at the ... (of ...)

at the thought of the manner一想到这种方式就
they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country [NCE3.41]他们总是仅仅提到那个国家就欣喜若狂
She fainted at the news of her father's death她一听到父亲的死讯就昏倒了

along with

[NCE3.26]A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car过了一会，有一个人和他那占据了他整个车行李箱的饼干一块过来了

表“在...旁边”
- A police car pulled up alongside us一辆警车停在我们旁边
- [NCE3.33]a lorry-driver who was drawing up alongside the car正在这辆车旁停车的卡车司机
表“与...在一起，与...同时”。
- Tranditional beliefs still flourish alongside a modern urban lifestyle传统的信仰在一种现代的城镇的生活方式的时代仍然繁盛
- Charles spent a week working alongside the miners查理与矿工一起工作了一周

over

an argument over money因钱而生的争执
a disagreement over the best way to proceed关于最佳的继续的方式的分歧

in+单位

Lions often hunt in pairs狮子总是成双地捕猎
People began to arrive in twos and threes人们开始三三两两地来了

特殊先行词定语从句的连词

[NCE3.27]The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop社会环境是这样的：人们需要付费使用技能，就像商店里货物需要付费才能提供那样
[NCE4.4]... and even described the way they were done up in bundles并且甚至描述了它们成束固定好的样子
[NCE4.44]any way in which he can affect tranditional custom他（个人）能对传统习俗产生的任何影响

the time when/at which/that/省略连词
the day when/on which/that/省略连词
the moment at which/when/that/省略连词

before

在（某事件、日期或时间）之前
在...前面，在...面前
[prep]面对（法院或其他官方机构）并受审
（宁愿...）也不愿，优先于

既可以表示时间，也可以表示空间，还可以引申为抽象的“面对”和“优先于”。

But I decided to disembark before buying anything.但我决定下了船再买东西。
Put that away before it gets broken.把它收好，免得砸碎了。
I'd die before I apologized!我宁愿死也不道歉！（对现在虚拟）
It wasn't long before I had my first bite.没一会儿我就第一次等到了鱼来咬饵。
[NCE4.8]An electric razor that meets the European Union's safety standards must be approved by American testers before it can be sold in the United States, ... .符合欧盟安全标准的电动剃须刀必须经过美国测试者批准才能在美国销售，...。

以...为目标，向...

[NCE3.7]'So long as there's something to identify, we will give people their money back', said a spokeswoman for the bank. 'Last year, we paid $1.5m on 21000 claims.'银行发言人说：“只要有东西可供鉴定，我们会把钱还给大家。去年，我们对21000起索赔支付了$1.5m。”

用于说明活动或状态

[NCE4.9]He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.他不停的移动，牵着丹麦人的鼻子，让他们跟着自己跑。: draw[T]+adv/prep拖（动），拉（动），牵引
on the alert处于警觉状态
on the go忙碌: go[U]精力，活力，热情，干劲
on the recovery在康复中
on the rise在上升

[NCE3.18]Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places.甚至那些对艺术不感兴趣的人也不会注意不到那些在公共场合展示的现代雕像的例子。
on sale
on strike
on vacation
on business
The nurse is on call 24 hours a day.护士一天24小时待命。: call[C](for sth)要求，请求，呼吁

除了

要不是/除...之外

but for/except for要不是/除...之外
were it not for(if it were not for)要不是
except/but (that)除...之外/要不是（复合连词）

But for/Except for/Were it not for your support, I would be in big trouble now.
I would buy a Mercedes except/but (that) I am poor. （从句是真实语气,与were it not for不同）
I didn't tell him anything, except/but (that) I needed the money.

除了...之外还

as well as

brave as well as loyal勇敢此外还忠诚
The coach, as well as the team, is ready.除了队伍以外教练也准备好了。

[prep]（表示幅度）以...之差，相差

The shot missed her by miles.那一枪没打中她，差了十万八千里。
the raising of VAT by 2.5%增值税提高2.5%

[prep]从...看，依，按照

[NCE3.10]Even by modern standards, the 46000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship.即使按照现代标准，46000吨的泰坦尼克号也是一艘巨大的船了。
I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened.从她的脸色我可以看出，发生了可怕的事情。

[prep]不迟于，在...之前

He ought to have arrived by now/by this time.现在他本应该已经到了。
By the time (that) this letter reaches you I will have left the country.你收到这封信时我已离开这个国家了。

whereby

They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.他们采用了新的制度，所有的雇员都必须定期进行培训。

lest

I was afraid to open the door lest he should follow me.我当时害怕打开那个门，唯恐他跟踪我。
And, lest we forget, Einstein wrote his most influential papers while working as a clerk.而且，为了不使我们忘记，爱因斯坦在做小职员时写了他最有影响力的论文。

路过

up[prep]

run up the stairs跑上楼
Two young people are on their painstaking journey up a mountain.两个年轻人正在登山途中付出艰苦的努力。
A line of tanks came up the road from the city.一排坦克由市里沿路开来了。

因为

in表时间

[GEE2021]doubled again in seven, eight or ten years by the middle of the 1970s在七、八或十年间在二十世纪七十年代中期之前再次翻了一番